{
  "metadata": {
    "dataset_name": "Chimney Fire Statistics: Six Years of U.S. Data and Source Reconciliation",
    "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
    "publisher_identity": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research is the independent research and reference section of fortwaynechimneyrepair.com.",
    "version": "2026-07-27",
    "last_verified": "2026-07-27",
    "record_count": 136,
    "primary_series_geography": "United States",
    "primary_series_temporal_coverage": "2017-2022",
    "contextual_coverage": "1983-2026, depending on source",
    "verification_tiers": {
      "★": "Read directly against the cited primary report, official dataset, or issuing organization page on the verification date.",
      "●": "Compiled from a cited primary source with direct re-verification still pending. No rows remain at this tier in version 2026-07-27."
    }
  },
  "definitions": {
    "cpsc_broad_category": "The CPSC equipment grouping labeled Fireplace, Chimney, Chimney Connector in its Residential Fire Loss Estimates tables.",
    "cpsc_confined_category": "CPSC confined-fire table row labeled Fireplace, Chimney, Connector; it includes confined chimney/flue incidents but should not be treated as definitionally identical to every broader equipment row.",
    "nfirs_incident_type_114": "Fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue.",
    "calculated_residual": "The broad CPSC estimate minus the corresponding confined CPSC estimate. This is a transparent site calculation, not an official incident class.",
    "nominal_loss_ratio": "A ratio of rounded modeled aggregate property-loss estimates to rounded modeled fire estimates; not an observed repair cost or individual-incident mean."
  },
  "calculations": {
    "cpsc_2017_2022_broad_average": "(15,900 + 16,200 + 15,500 + 15,800 + 14,900 + 15,500) / 6 = 15,633.33",
    "cpsc_2017_2022_confined_average": "(14,000 + 14,400 + 13,700 + 14,200 + 13,600 + 13,700) / 6 = 13,933.33",
    "cpsc_2020_2022_confined_average": "(14,200 + 13,600 + 13,700) / 3 = 13,833.33",
    "six_year_confined_share_of_broad_fires": "83,600 / 93,800 * 100 = 89.13%",
    "six_year_confined_share_of_broad_loss": "$33.8 million / $734.6 million * 100 = 4.60%",
    "nfpa_reconciled_sum": "13,120 + 3,010 = 16,130; site calculation, not an NFPA incident class",
    "usfa_derived_confined_count": "34,200 * 49.43% = 16,905.06; site calculation from rounded USFA values"
  },
  "source_crosswalk": [
    {
      "source": "CPSC 2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector",
      "best_use": "Latest broad federal equipment-group estimate",
      "restriction": "Do not call it identical to NFIRS Incident Type 114."
    },
    {
      "source": "CPSC confined-fire tables",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, connector",
      "best_use": "Annual confined-category estimates",
      "restriction": "The broad-minus-confined residual is not an official category."
    },
    {
      "source": "NFPA Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "category": "Confined chimney or flue fire; separate fireplace or chimney row",
      "best_use": "Definition-preserving comparison of two NFPA rows",
      "restriction": "A sum of the rows must be labeled as a site calculation."
    },
    {
      "source": "USFA Heating Fires in Residential Buildings",
      "category": "Share of residential heating fires by incident type",
      "best_use": "Heating-fire context and shares",
      "restriction": "49.43% is a share, not a directly published annual chimney-fire count."
    },
    {
      "source": "Indiana Department of Homeland Security report",
      "category": "State fire-run reporting completeness",
      "best_use": "Reporting denominator and limitations",
      "restriction": "Do not infer a Fort Wayne or Allen County chimney-fire count."
    }
  ],
  "local_data_status": {
    "indiana_exact_chimney_fire_series": "Not published because no official series meeting this page's incident-code, deduplication, extract-date, and participation-denominator criteria was located.",
    "allen_county_exact_chimney_fire_series": "Not published for the same reason.",
    "fort_wayne_exact_chimney_fire_series": "Not published for the same reason.",
    "required_future_export": "De-duplicated incidents by calendar year, county, reporting agency, incident code and label, with extract date, participation denominator, known completeness limits, and NFIRS-to-NERIS mapping."
  },
  "limitations": [
    "Chimney fire is not one interchangeable category across CPSC, NFPA, USFA, NFIRS and NERIS.",
    "National values are estimates based on reported incidents and national scaling, not a census of every incident.",
    "NFIRS participation was voluntary and source coverage varies by edition and loss measure.",
    "Undetected incidents may not enter fire-service records, but modeled estimates are not proven lower bounds.",
    "CPSC and NFPA values are rounded; calculated percentages and ratios inherit that rounding.",
    "CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires, while CPSC confined tables state that intentionality information was unavailable.",
    "Property-loss values are nominal and not inflation-adjusted.",
    "The EIA wood-heating denominator cannot support a valid chimney-fire incidence rate against the CPSC numerator.",
    "Exact Indiana, Allen County and Fort Wayne chimney-fire totals remain unpublished pending a documented official export.",
    "The NFIRS-to-NERIS transition may create a methodological discontinuity in future series."
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "publication_date": "2026-04",
      "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "publication_date": "2022-10",
      "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "title": "2019-2021 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "publication_date": "2024-07",
      "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2019-to-2021-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report-Final.pdf"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "publication_date": "2022-12",
      "url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "title": "Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2017-2019)",
      "publication_date": "2021-12",
      "url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/v21i10.pdf"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "title": "NFIRS Sunset",
      "publication_date": "2025-04-20",
      "url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/nfirs/sunset/"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "title": "Indiana Fire Loss and Fire Department Profile",
      "publication_date": "",
      "url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/states/indiana.html"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
      "title": "2020 RECS: Household Energy Use by End Uses, Table HC1.6",
      "publication_date": "2023-03",
      "url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/hc/pdf/HC%201.6.pdf"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "Indiana Department of Homeland Security",
      "title": "Indiana Fire Service Data Report, July-December 2025",
      "publication_date": "2026-03",
      "url": "https://www.in.gov/dhs/files/IDHS_FINAL_HB-1427-Report_AM-Edits.pdf"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "Chimney Safety Institute of America",
      "title": "Preventing Chimney Fires",
      "publication_date": "",
      "url": "https://www.csia.org/latest-news/preventing-chimney-fires"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "title": "Consumer Safety Alert",
      "publication_date": "1983",
      "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Newsroom/News-Releases/1983/Consumer-Safety-Alert"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "title": "NFPA 211, 2024 edition",
      "publication_date": "2024",
      "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/product/nfpa-211-standard/p0211code/nfpa-211-standard-for-chimneys-fireplaces-vents-and-solid-fuel-burning-appliances-2024/21124"
    }
  ],
  "records": [
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-broad-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "15900",
      "display_value": "15,900",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-confined-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Confined residential structure fires",
      "value": "14000",
      "display_value": "14,000",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-2017-nonconfined",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "Broad CPSC estimate minus confined CPSC estimate (calculated residual)",
      "metric": "Broad category estimate minus confined category estimate",
      "value": "1900",
      "display_value": "1,900",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "15900 - 14000",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Transparent subtraction from rounded CPSC estimates. This residual is not an official CPSC or NFIRS incident class, and it must not be labeled simply as all non-confined chimney fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-broad-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "30",
      "display_value": "30",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC rounds deaths to nearest 10; an asterisk means fewer than 10, not zero. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-broad-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "40",
      "display_value": "40",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-confined-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "10",
      "display_value": "10",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-confined-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "0",
      "display_value": "0",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement/estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC states that there were no confined-fire deaths in the covered years. This is a modeled national estimate/statement, not a raw national census.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-broad-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "110.9",
      "display_value": "$110.9M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. Not inflation-adjusted. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-confined-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "4.5",
      "display_value": "$4.5M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-solidfuel-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "1600",
      "display_value": "1,600",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-solidfuel-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "78.9",
      "display_value": "$78.9M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-gasfired-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "200",
      "display_value": "200",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2017-gasfired-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2017",
      "year": "2017",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "25.3",
      "display_value": "$25.3M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-broad-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "16200",
      "display_value": "16,200",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-confined-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Confined residential structure fires",
      "value": "14400",
      "display_value": "14,400",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-2018-nonconfined",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "Broad CPSC estimate minus confined CPSC estimate (calculated residual)",
      "metric": "Broad category estimate minus confined category estimate",
      "value": "1800",
      "display_value": "1,800",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "16200 - 14400",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Transparent subtraction from rounded CPSC estimates. This residual is not an official CPSC or NFIRS incident class, and it must not be labeled simply as all non-confined chimney fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-broad-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "20",
      "display_value": "20",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC rounds deaths to nearest 10; an asterisk means fewer than 10, not zero. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-broad-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "50",
      "display_value": "50",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-confined-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "10",
      "display_value": "10",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-confined-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "0",
      "display_value": "0",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement/estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC states that there were no confined-fire deaths in the covered years. This is a modeled national estimate/statement, not a raw national census.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-broad-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "114.0",
      "display_value": "$114.0M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. Not inflation-adjusted. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-confined-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "5.8",
      "display_value": "$5.8M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-solidfuel-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "1500",
      "display_value": "1,500",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-solidfuel-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "83.5",
      "display_value": "$83.5M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-gasfired-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "200",
      "display_value": "200",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2018-gasfired-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2018",
      "period_end": "2018",
      "year": "2018",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "22.7",
      "display_value": "$22.7M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-broad-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "15500",
      "display_value": "15,500",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-confined-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Confined residential structure fires",
      "value": "13700",
      "display_value": "13,700",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-2019-nonconfined",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "Broad CPSC estimate minus confined CPSC estimate (calculated residual)",
      "metric": "Broad category estimate minus confined category estimate",
      "value": "1800",
      "display_value": "1,800",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "15500 - 13700",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Transparent subtraction from rounded CPSC estimates. This residual is not an official CPSC or NFIRS incident class, and it must not be labeled simply as all non-confined chimney fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-broad-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "",
      "display_value": "<10",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC rounds deaths to nearest 10; an asterisk means fewer than 10, not zero. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-broad-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "50",
      "display_value": "50",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-confined-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "10",
      "display_value": "10",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-confined-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "0",
      "display_value": "0",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement/estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC states that there were no confined-fire deaths in the covered years. This is a modeled national estimate/statement, not a raw national census.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-broad-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "117.2",
      "display_value": "$117.2M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. Not inflation-adjusted. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-confined-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "5.0",
      "display_value": "$5.0M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-solidfuel-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "1500",
      "display_value": "1,500",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-solidfuel-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "88.3",
      "display_value": "$88.3M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-gasfired-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "200",
      "display_value": "200",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2019-gasfired-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "18.9",
      "display_value": "$18.9M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-broad-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "15800",
      "display_value": "15,800",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-confined-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Confined residential structure fires",
      "value": "14200",
      "display_value": "14,200",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-2020-nonconfined",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Broad CPSC estimate minus confined CPSC estimate (calculated residual)",
      "metric": "Broad category estimate minus confined category estimate",
      "value": "1600",
      "display_value": "1,600",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "15800 - 14200",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Transparent subtraction from rounded CPSC estimates. This residual is not an official CPSC or NFIRS incident class, and it must not be labeled simply as all non-confined chimney fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-broad-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "40",
      "display_value": "40",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC rounds deaths to nearest 10; an asterisk means fewer than 10, not zero. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-broad-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "80",
      "display_value": "80",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-confined-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "20",
      "display_value": "20",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-confined-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "0",
      "display_value": "0",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement/estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC states that there were no confined-fire deaths in the covered years. This is a modeled national estimate/statement, not a raw national census.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-broad-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "131.0",
      "display_value": "$131.0M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. Not inflation-adjusted. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-confined-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "6.7",
      "display_value": "$6.7M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-solidfuel-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "1400",
      "display_value": "1,400",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-solidfuel-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "111.8",
      "display_value": "$111.8M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-gasfired-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "200",
      "display_value": "200",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-gasfired-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "12.3",
      "display_value": "$12.3M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-broad-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "14900",
      "display_value": "14,900",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-confined-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Confined residential structure fires",
      "value": "13600",
      "display_value": "13,600",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-2021-nonconfined",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "Broad CPSC estimate minus confined CPSC estimate (calculated residual)",
      "metric": "Broad category estimate minus confined category estimate",
      "value": "1300",
      "display_value": "1,300",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "14900 - 13600",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Transparent subtraction from rounded CPSC estimates. This residual is not an official CPSC or NFIRS incident class, and it must not be labeled simply as all non-confined chimney fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-broad-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "30",
      "display_value": "30",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC rounds deaths to nearest 10; an asterisk means fewer than 10, not zero. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-broad-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "120",
      "display_value": "120",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-confined-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "20",
      "display_value": "20",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-confined-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "0",
      "display_value": "0",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement/estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC states that there were no confined-fire deaths in the covered years. This is a modeled national estimate/statement, not a raw national census.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-broad-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "115.1",
      "display_value": "$115.1M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. Not inflation-adjusted. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-confined-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "5.5",
      "display_value": "$5.5M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-solidfuel-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "1100",
      "display_value": "1,100",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-solidfuel-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "99.2",
      "display_value": "$99.2M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-gasfired-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "200",
      "display_value": "200",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2021-gasfired-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2021",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2021",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "8.9",
      "display_value": "$8.9M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-broad-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "15500",
      "display_value": "15,500",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-confined-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Confined residential structure fires",
      "value": "13700",
      "display_value": "13,700",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-2022-nonconfined",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "Broad CPSC estimate minus confined CPSC estimate (calculated residual)",
      "metric": "Broad category estimate minus confined category estimate",
      "value": "1800",
      "display_value": "1,800",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "15500 - 13700",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Transparent subtraction from rounded CPSC estimates. This residual is not an official CPSC or NFIRS incident class, and it must not be labeled simply as all non-confined chimney fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-broad-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "10",
      "display_value": "10",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC rounds deaths to nearest 10; an asterisk means fewer than 10, not zero. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-broad-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "70",
      "display_value": "70",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-confined-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian injuries",
      "value": "20",
      "display_value": "20",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-confined-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Civilian deaths",
      "value": "0",
      "display_value": "0",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement/estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC states that there were no confined-fire deaths in the covered years. This is a modeled national estimate/statement, not a raw national census.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-broad-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "146.4",
      "display_value": "$146.4M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. Not inflation-adjusted. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-confined-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "6.3",
      "display_value": "$6.3M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS Incident Type 114: fire originating in and confined to a chimney or flue. Confined-fire reports omit equipment and power-source fields. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-solidfuel-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "1600",
      "display_value": "1,600",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-solidfuel-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "Solid-fuel fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "116.2",
      "display_value": "$116.2M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-gasfired-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Residential structure fires",
      "value": "200",
      "display_value": "200",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2022-gasfired-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2022",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2022",
      "category": "Gas-fired fireplace, chimney, connector (non-confined only)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss",
      "value": "21.6",
      "display_value": "$21.6M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "Fuel type is recorded only for non-confined fires. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-6yr-broad-avg",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Six-year mean annual fires",
      "value": "15633.33",
      "display_value": "15,633",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "(15900+16200+15500+15800+14900+15500)/6",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from CPSC rounded published estimates. Not an official CPSC figure.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-6yr-confined-avg",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Confined fireplace, chimney, connector fires (NFIRS Type 114 family)",
      "metric": "Six-year mean annual confined fires",
      "value": "13933.33",
      "display_value": "13,933",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "(14000+14400+13700+14200+13600+13700)/6",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from CPSC rounded published estimates. Not an official CPSC figure.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-6yr-confined-share-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Confined share of category",
      "metric": "Confined fires as share of broad category",
      "value": "89.13",
      "display_value": "89.13%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "83600/93800*100",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from CPSC rounded published estimates. Not an official CPSC figure.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-6yr-loss-avg",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Six-year mean annual nominal property loss",
      "value": "122.433",
      "display_value": "$122.4M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "734.6/6",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from CPSC rounded published estimates. Not an official CPSC figure.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-6yr-confined-loss-avg",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Confined fireplace, chimney, connector fires (NFIRS Type 114 family)",
      "metric": "Six-year mean annual nominal property loss",
      "value": "5.633",
      "display_value": "$5.6M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "33.8/6",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from CPSC rounded published estimates. Not an official CPSC figure.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-6yr-confined-share-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Confined share of category",
      "metric": "Confined loss as share of broad category loss",
      "value": "4.6",
      "display_value": "4.60%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "33.8/734.6*100",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from CPSC rounded published estimates. Not an official CPSC figure.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-loss-per-confined-fire",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Confined fireplace, chimney, connector fires (NFIRS Type 114 family)",
      "metric": "Ratio of rounded modeled nominal property-loss estimate to rounded modeled fire estimate",
      "value": "404",
      "display_value": "$404",
      "unit": "nominal USD per estimated fire",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "33800000/83600",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site ratio calculated from rounded modeled CPSC estimates. It is not an observed mean repair bill, insurance claim, or measured loss for an individual incident.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-loss-per-broad-fire",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Ratio of rounded modeled nominal property-loss estimate to rounded modeled fire estimate",
      "value": "7832",
      "display_value": "$7,832",
      "unit": "nominal USD per estimated fire",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "734600000/93800",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site ratio calculated from rounded modeled CPSC estimates. It is not an observed mean repair bill, insurance claim, or measured loss for an individual incident.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-share-all-res-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Share of all unintentional residential structure fires, 2020-2022",
      "value": "4.28",
      "display_value": "4.3%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "15400/359500*100",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from CPSC rounded published estimates. Not an official CPSC figure.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-share-heating-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Share of heating and cooling equipment fires, 2020-2022",
      "value": "40.4",
      "display_value": "40.4%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "15400/38100*100",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from CPSC rounded published estimates. Not an official CPSC figure.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-nominal-loss-change",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2017-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Nominal property loss change 2017 to 2022",
      "value": "32.0",
      "display_value": "32.0%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "(146.4-110.9)/110.9*100",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from CPSC rounded published estimates. Not an official CPSC figure.",
      "source_title": "CPSC Residential Fire Loss Estimates, 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 editions",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-usfa-cpsc-spread",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "USFA-CPSC same-period comparison",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2017-2019",
      "category": "Cross-agency comparison",
      "metric": "Spread between USFA-derived and CPSC confined estimates, 2017-2019",
      "value": "20.5",
      "display_value": "20.5%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "(34200*0.4943)/14033-1",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Calculated comparison of rounded published values. The 20.5% difference cannot be assigned to one cause: category framing, national estimation frameworks, weighting, and rounding may all contribute.",
      "source_title": "USFA Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2017-2019) and CPSC 2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/v21i10.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-2022-broad-avg",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2020-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Mean annual fires",
      "value": "15400",
      "display_value": "15,400",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-2022-broad-loss-avg",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2020-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Mean annual nominal property loss",
      "value": "130.8",
      "display_value": "$130.8M",
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-2022-broad-deaths-avg",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2020-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Mean annual civilian deaths",
      "value": "30",
      "display_value": "30",
      "unit": "deaths",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-2022-broad-injuries-avg",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2020-2022",
      "category": "Fireplace, chimney, chimney connector (broad CPSC equipment category)",
      "metric": "Mean annual civilian injuries",
      "value": "90",
      "display_value": "90",
      "unit": "injuries",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars. CPSC broad equipment tables exclude intentionally set fires.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-2022-total-res-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2020-2022",
      "category": "All residential structure fires",
      "metric": "Mean annual fires",
      "value": "359500",
      "display_value": "359,500",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-2020-2022-heatcool-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2020-2022",
      "category": "All heating and cooling equipment",
      "metric": "Mean annual fires",
      "value": "38100",
      "display_value": "38,100",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "CPSC national estimate. Excludes intentionally set fires. Fires rounded to nearest 100; deaths/injuries to nearest 10; loss to nearest $0.1M. Nominal dollars.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-nfirs-coverage-2017-2019",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2017-2019",
      "category": "NFIRS data coverage",
      "metric": "Share of NFPA-estimated fires captured in NFIRS",
      "value": "70",
      "display_value": "~70%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS participation is voluntary; it is not a census.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-nfirs-coverage-2019-2021",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2019-2021 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2021",
      "year": "2019-2021",
      "category": "NFIRS data coverage",
      "metric": "Share of NFPA-estimated fires captured in NFIRS",
      "value": "63",
      "display_value": "~63%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2024-07-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS participation is voluntary; it is not a census.",
      "source_title": "2019-2021 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2019-to-2021-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report-Final.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-nfirs-coverage-2020-2022",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2020-2022",
      "category": "NFIRS data coverage",
      "metric": "Share of NFPA-estimated fires captured in NFIRS",
      "value": "60",
      "display_value": "~60%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04-01",
      "caveat": "NFIRS participation is voluntary; it is not a census.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-confined-coding-1999",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "1999",
      "period_end": "1999",
      "year": "1999",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Confined share of residential structure fires reported to NFIRS",
      "value": "2",
      "display_value": "~2%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Reflects coding practice, not only fire behavior.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-confined-coding-2019",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "period_start": "2019",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2019",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category (includes confined chimney/flue incidents)",
      "metric": "Confined share of residential structure fires reported to NFIRS",
      "value": "49",
      "display_value": "49%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-10-01",
      "caveat": "Reflects coding practice, not only fire behavior.",
      "source_title": "2017-2019 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2017-to-2019-Residential-Fire-Loss-Estimates.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "usfa-confined-chimney-share",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "source_dataset": "Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2017-2019), TFRS Vol 21 Issue 10",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2017-2019",
      "category": "Confined chimney or flue fires",
      "metric": "Share of residential building heating fires",
      "value": "49.43",
      "display_value": "49.43%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2021-12-01",
      "caveat": "A share within heating fires, not an annual count.",
      "source_title": "Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2017-2019), TFRS Vol 21 Issue 10",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/v21i10.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "usfa-heating-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "source_dataset": "Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2017-2019), TFRS Vol 21 Issue 10",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2017-2019",
      "category": "Residential building heating fires",
      "metric": "Mean annual fires",
      "value": "34200",
      "display_value": "34,200",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2021-12-01",
      "caveat": "USFA scales to its own residential building fire loss estimates, not NFPA totals.",
      "source_title": "Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2017-2019), TFRS Vol 21 Issue 10",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/v21i10.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-usfa-derived-confined",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2017-2022 joined chimney fire series",
      "period_start": "2017",
      "period_end": "2019",
      "year": "2017-2019",
      "category": "Confined chimney or flue fires",
      "metric": "USFA-derived mean annual confined chimney/flue fires",
      "value": "16905",
      "display_value": "approximately 16,900",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "34200 * 0.4943 = 16905.06",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2021-12",
      "caveat": "Site calculation applying USFA's incident-type share to USFA's rounded national heating-fire estimate. It is not a separately published USFA count and is not interchangeable with the CPSC estimate.",
      "source_title": "Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2017-2019)",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/v21i10.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "usfa-nfirs-sunset",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "source_dataset": "NFIRS Sunset",
      "period_start": "2026",
      "period_end": "2026",
      "year": "2026",
      "category": "NFIRS reporting system",
      "metric": "End date for edits or modifications to calendar-year 2025 NFIRS records",
      "value": "2026-01-31",
      "display_value": "January 31, 2026",
      "unit": "date",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2025-04-20",
      "caveat": "2025 was a hybrid reporting year. Calendar-year 2026 incident submission became exclusive to NERIS on January 1, 2026; January 31 was the edit deadline for 2025 NFIRS records, and NFIRS became unavailable in February 2026.",
      "source_title": "NFIRS Sunset",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/nfirs/sunset/"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "csia-no-national-count-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "Current-page claim audit",
      "period_start": "2026",
      "period_end": "2026",
      "year": "2026",
      "category": "Claim audit",
      "metric": "Current CSIA page states a national annual chimney-fire count or national property-loss total",
      "value": "false",
      "display_value": "No",
      "unit": "boolean",
      "official_or_calculated": "Verified page observation",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "The page contains other numeric safety information, including temperature figures, but no national annual fire-count or national property-loss total. This observation is limited to the page as read on the verification date.",
      "source_title": "Preventing Chimney Fires",
      "source_url": "https://www.csia.org/latest-news/preventing-chimney-fires"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "csia-chimney-fire-temp",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Chimney Safety Institute of America",
      "source_dataset": "Preventing Chimney Fires",
      "period_start": "2026",
      "period_end": "2026",
      "year": "2026",
      "category": "Chimney fire behavior",
      "metric": "Approximate masonry chimney fire temperature",
      "value": "2000",
      "display_value": "approximately 2,000°F",
      "unit": "degrees Fahrenheit",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Approximate figure stated by CSIA for temperatures generated by a chimney fire in a masonry chimney.",
      "source_title": "Preventing Chimney Fires",
      "source_url": "https://www.csia.org/latest-news/preventing-chimney-fires"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "eia-wood-primary",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
      "source_dataset": "2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, Table HC1.6",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Wood-using households",
      "metric": "Households using wood as main space-heating fuel",
      "value": "2250000",
      "display_value": "2.25M",
      "unit": "households",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2023-03",
      "caveat": "Official EIA estimate in millions of U.S. housing units. This denominator cannot be used to calculate a valid chimney-fire incidence rate because the CPSC numerator includes a broader equipment and fuel universe.",
      "source_title": "2020 RECS: Household Energy Use by End Uses",
      "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/hc/pdf/HC%201.6.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "eia-wood-secondary",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
      "source_dataset": "2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, Table HC1.6",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Wood-using households",
      "metric": "Households using wood as a secondary heat source",
      "value": "8830000",
      "display_value": "8.83M",
      "unit": "households",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2023-03",
      "caveat": "Official EIA estimate in millions of U.S. housing units. This denominator cannot be used to calculate a valid chimney-fire incidence rate because the CPSC numerator includes a broader equipment and fuel universe.",
      "source_title": "2020 RECS: Household Energy Use by End Uses",
      "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/hc/pdf/HC%201.6.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-confined-chimney",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Confined chimney or flue fire",
      "metric": "Mean annual fires",
      "value": "13120",
      "display_value": "13,120",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey. Keep the published category label and 2016-2020 period attached.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-fireplace-chimney",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Fireplace or chimney (separate NFPA row)",
      "metric": "Mean annual fires",
      "value": "3010",
      "display_value": "3,010",
      "unit": "fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey. Keep the published category label and 2016-2020 period attached.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-2020-2022-confined-avg",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "CPSC 2020-2022 confined category series",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2022",
      "year": "2020-2022",
      "category": "CPSC confined fireplace, chimney, connector category",
      "metric": "Calculated mean annual confined fires",
      "value": "13833.333333",
      "display_value": "13,833",
      "unit": "fires per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "(14200 + 13600 + 13700) / 3",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-04",
      "caveat": "Calculated from rounded CPSC annual values; not a separately published CPSC average.",
      "source_title": "2020-2022 Residential Fire Loss Estimates",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2020-2022_Residential_Fire_Loss_Estimates-Annual_Fire_Loss_Report.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "eia-wood-space-heating",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
      "source_dataset": "2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, Table HC1.6",
      "period_start": "2020",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2020",
      "category": "Wood end uses",
      "metric": "Housing units using wood for space heating, main or secondary",
      "value": "11020000",
      "display_value": "11.02 million",
      "unit": "housing units",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2023-03",
      "caveat": "Official EIA estimate. Do not divide a chimney-fire estimate by this number to present a fire rate: the numerator and denominator cover different fuels, equipment, years, and populations.",
      "source_title": "2020 RECS: Household Energy Use by End Uses",
      "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/hc/pdf/HC%201.6.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-confined-chimney-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Confined chimney or flue fire",
      "metric": "Mean annual civilian deaths",
      "value": "0",
      "display_value": "0",
      "unit": "deaths per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-confined-chimney-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Confined chimney or flue fire",
      "metric": "Mean annual civilian injuries",
      "value": "20",
      "display_value": "20",
      "unit": "injuries per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-confined-chimney-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Confined chimney or flue fire",
      "metric": "Mean annual direct property damage",
      "value": "5",
      "display_value": "$5 million",
      "unit": "millions of nominal USD per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-fireplace-chimney-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Fireplace or chimney (separate NFPA row)",
      "metric": "Mean annual civilian deaths",
      "value": "30",
      "display_value": "30",
      "unit": "deaths per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-fireplace-chimney-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Fireplace or chimney (separate NFPA row)",
      "metric": "Mean annual civilian injuries",
      "value": "50",
      "display_value": "50",
      "unit": "injuries per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-fireplace-chimney-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Fireplace or chimney (separate NFPA row)",
      "metric": "Mean annual direct property damage",
      "value": "234",
      "display_value": "$234 million",
      "unit": "millions of nominal USD per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-heating-total-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "All home heating equipment",
      "metric": "Mean annual fires",
      "value": "44210",
      "display_value": "44,210",
      "unit": "fires per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-heating-total-deaths",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "All home heating equipment",
      "metric": "Mean annual civilian deaths",
      "value": "480",
      "display_value": "480",
      "unit": "deaths per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-heating-total-injuries",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "All home heating equipment",
      "metric": "Mean annual civilian injuries",
      "value": "1370",
      "display_value": "1,370",
      "unit": "injuries per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-heating-total-loss",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "Home Heating Fires supporting tables",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "All home heating equipment",
      "metric": "Mean annual direct property damage",
      "value": "1059",
      "display_value": "$1.059 billion",
      "unit": "millions of nominal USD per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "NFPA national estimate based on NFIRS 5.0 and the NFPA fire experience survey; rounded as stated in the source.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-nfpa-combined-chimney-related",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "NFPA 2016-2020 category reconciliation",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Confined chimney or flue plus separate fireplace or chimney row",
      "metric": "Calculated mean annual fires",
      "value": "16130",
      "display_value": "16,130",
      "unit": "fires per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "13120 + 3010",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "Site sum of two separately published NFPA rows. It is not an official NFPA incident class and must be labeled as a calculation.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "fwcr-nfpa-combined-heating-share",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Fort Wayne Chimney Repair Research",
      "source_dataset": "NFPA 2016-2020 category reconciliation",
      "period_start": "2016",
      "period_end": "2020",
      "year": "2016-2020",
      "category": "Confined chimney or flue plus separate fireplace or chimney row",
      "metric": "Calculated share of all home-heating fires",
      "value": "36.48496",
      "display_value": "36.5%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Calculated",
      "formula": "(13120 + 3010) / 44210 * 100",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2022-12",
      "caveat": "Site calculation from rounded NFPA estimates; not an official published percentage or incident class.",
      "source_title": "Home Heating Fires: Supporting Tables",
      "source_url": "https://content.nfpa.org/-/media/Project/Storefront/Catalog/Files/Research/NFPA-Research/US-Fire-Problem/Fire-causes/osHeatingTables.pdf?hash=AEF7B2252056320B43D0AF324C832526&rev=7a830cf3efdf471b8ef3b30e9dc54b70"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "usfa-neris-exclusive-start",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "source_dataset": "NFIRS Sunset",
      "period_start": "2026",
      "period_end": "2026",
      "year": "2026",
      "category": "Federal incident-reporting transition",
      "metric": "First date calendar-year 2026 incident submissions were exclusive to NERIS",
      "value": "2026-01-01",
      "display_value": "January 1, 2026",
      "unit": "date",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2025-04-20",
      "caveat": "2025 incidents could be submitted to either NFIRS or NERIS; the source does not say that every 2025 record is partial.",
      "source_title": "NFIRS Sunset",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/nfirs/sunset/"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "usfa-nfirs-unavailable",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "source_dataset": "NFIRS Sunset",
      "period_start": "2026",
      "period_end": "2026",
      "year": "2026",
      "category": "Federal incident-reporting transition",
      "metric": "Month NFIRS became unavailable to all users",
      "value": "2026-02",
      "display_value": "February 2026",
      "unit": "date",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official statement",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2025-04-20",
      "caveat": "2025 incidents could be submitted to either NFIRS or NERIS; the source does not say that every 2025 record is partial.",
      "source_title": "NFIRS Sunset",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/nfirs/sunset/"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "idhs-2025-h2-reporting-units",
      "geography": "Indiana",
      "publisher": "Indiana Department of Homeland Security",
      "source_dataset": "Indiana Fire Service Data Report, July-December 2025",
      "period_start": "2025-07-01",
      "period_end": "2025-12-31",
      "year": "2025-H2",
      "category": "Indiana fire-service reporting completeness",
      "metric": "Local units submitting fire-run data",
      "value": "615",
      "display_value": "615",
      "unit": "local units",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official reported figure",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-03",
      "caveat": "Covers July through December 2025 and the ImageTrend data described in the report; not an Indiana chimney-fire count.",
      "source_title": "Indiana Fire Service Data Report, July-December 2025",
      "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/dhs/files/IDHS_FINAL_HB-1427-Report_AM-Edits.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "idhs-2025-h2-reporting-participation",
      "geography": "Indiana",
      "publisher": "Indiana Department of Homeland Security",
      "source_dataset": "Indiana Fire Service Data Report, July-December 2025",
      "period_start": "2025-07-01",
      "period_end": "2025-12-31",
      "year": "2025-H2",
      "category": "Indiana fire-service reporting completeness",
      "metric": "Known eligible reporting entities represented",
      "value": "73.4",
      "display_value": "approximately 73.4%",
      "unit": "percent",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official reported figure",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2026-03",
      "caveat": "The report documents third-party synchronization and completeness gaps; missing data does not establish absence of activity.",
      "source_title": "Indiana Fire Service Data Report, July-December 2025",
      "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/dhs/files/IDHS_FINAL_HB-1427-Report_AM-Edits.pdf"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "usfa-indiana-departments-2023",
      "geography": "Indiana",
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "source_dataset": "Indiana Fire Loss and Fire Department Profile",
      "period_start": "2023",
      "period_end": "2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "category": "Indiana reported fire profile",
      "metric": "Fire departments reporting NFIRS data",
      "value": "618",
      "display_value": "618",
      "unit": "departments",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official reported figure/rate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Statewide fire-profile context; not a chimney-fire count and not an Allen County estimate.",
      "source_title": "Indiana Fire Loss and Fire Department Profile",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/states/indiana.html"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "usfa-indiana-residential-death-rate-2023",
      "geography": "Indiana",
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "source_dataset": "Indiana Fire Loss and Fire Department Profile",
      "period_start": "2023",
      "period_end": "2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "category": "Indiana reported fire profile",
      "metric": "Residential structure fire deaths per 1,000 fires",
      "value": "4.1",
      "display_value": "4.1",
      "unit": "deaths per 1,000 fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official reported figure/rate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Statewide fire-profile context; not a chimney-fire count and not an Allen County estimate.",
      "source_title": "Indiana Fire Loss and Fire Department Profile",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/states/indiana.html"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "usfa-indiana-residential-injury-rate-2023",
      "geography": "Indiana",
      "publisher": "U.S. Fire Administration",
      "source_dataset": "Indiana Fire Loss and Fire Department Profile",
      "period_start": "2023",
      "period_end": "2023",
      "year": "2023",
      "category": "Indiana reported fire profile",
      "metric": "Residential structure fire injuries per 1,000 fires",
      "value": "16.5",
      "display_value": "16.5",
      "unit": "injuries per 1,000 fires",
      "official_or_calculated": "Official reported figure/rate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Statewide fire-profile context; not a chimney-fire count and not an Allen County estimate.",
      "source_title": "Indiana Fire Loss and Fire Department Profile",
      "source_url": "https://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/states/indiana.html"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "cpsc-1983-factory-built-chimney-fires",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission",
      "source_dataset": "Consumer Safety Alert",
      "period_start": "1983",
      "period_end": "1983",
      "year": "1983",
      "category": "Metal factory-built chimneys connected to wood and coal stoves",
      "metric": "Estimated house fires associated per year",
      "value": "22500",
      "display_value": "22,500",
      "unit": "fires per year",
      "official_or_calculated": "Historical official estimate",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "1983",
      "caveat": "Historical CPSC wording is “associated with,” not “caused by.” The estimate is specific to metal factory-built chimneys connected to wood and coal stoves and must not be presented as a current all-chimney statistic.",
      "source_title": "Consumer Safety Alert",
      "source_url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Newsroom/News-Releases/1983/Consumer-Safety-Alert"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "csia-factory-built-test-temp",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Chimney Safety Institute of America",
      "source_dataset": "Preventing Chimney Fires",
      "period_start": "",
      "period_end": "",
      "year": "",
      "category": "Factory-built chimney testing",
      "metric": "Upper flue-gas temperature referenced by CSIA for factory-built chimney testing",
      "value": "2100",
      "display_value": "up to 2,100°F",
      "unit": "degrees Fahrenheit",
      "official_or_calculated": "Published statement",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Safety-context statement from CSIA; not an incident statistic.",
      "source_title": "Preventing Chimney Fires",
      "source_url": "https://www.csia.org/latest-news/preventing-chimney-fires"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "csia-damaged-prefab-replacement",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "Chimney Safety Institute of America",
      "source_dataset": "Preventing Chimney Fires",
      "period_start": "",
      "period_end": "",
      "year": "",
      "category": "Post-fire safety guidance",
      "metric": "CSIA treatment of a prefabricated metal chimney damaged by a chimney fire",
      "value": "replace",
      "display_value": "Replace; do not reuse",
      "unit": "guidance",
      "official_or_calculated": "Published guidance",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "",
      "caveat": "Educational safety guidance only; damage evaluation is work for qualified personnel.",
      "source_title": "Preventing Chimney Fires",
      "source_url": "https://www.csia.org/latest-news/preventing-chimney-fires"
    },
    {
      "record_id": "nfpa-211-2024-annual-inspection",
      "geography": "United States",
      "publisher": "National Fire Protection Association",
      "source_dataset": "NFPA 211 (2024 edition)",
      "period_start": "2024",
      "period_end": "2024",
      "year": "2024",
      "category": "Chimney, fireplace and vent inspection standard",
      "metric": "Inspection frequency in Section 14.2",
      "value": "annual",
      "display_value": "At least annually",
      "unit": "frequency",
      "official_or_calculated": "Standard requirement",
      "formula": "",
      "verification_tier": "★",
      "verification_date": "2026-07-27",
      "source_publication_date": "2024",
      "caveat": "NFPA 211 is a consensus standard. Legal adoption and enforcement vary by jurisdiction; this is not a claim about Fort Wayne law.",
      "source_title": "NFPA 211: Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances, 2024 edition",
      "source_url": "https://www.nfpa.org/product/nfpa-211-standard/p0211code/nfpa-211-standard-for-chimneys-fireplaces-vents-and-solid-fuel-burning-appliances-2024/21124"
    }
  ]
}